Title: John Disher Papers
Predominant Dates:1945-1993
ID: OGLMC/1299
Creator: Disher, John (1921-1988)
Extent: 26.75 Linear Feet
Date Acquired: 12/02/1994
Languages: English [eng]
The John Disher Papers, 1937-1994, document Disher's career, reflecting the evolution of the United States space program from its beginnings through the 1980s. The collection is divided into seven individual series.
Series 1: Personal Materials
Series 2: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), 1945-1958
Series 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 1958-1989
Series 4: Avanti Systems, 1980-1989
Series 5: University of North Dakota School of Engineering and Mines, 1986-1988
Series 6: Oversize Materials
Series 7: Photographs
Accruals: Additional material was deposited by Lillian Disher, Walnut Creek, California, on October 11, 2001 (2002-2553)
Access Restrictions: Open for inspection under the rules and regulations of the Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections.
Acquisition Source: Lillian Disher, Bethesda, Maryland
Acquisition Method: Donation; 94-1987
Separated Materials: Six oversize folders were separated and placed in the Oversize File Cabinets.
Preferred Citation: (Description of Item). John Disher Papers. OGLMC 1299, Box #, Folder #. Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections. Chester Fritz Library. University of North Dakota, Grand Forks.
Finding Aid Revision History: Finding aid added to Archon in October 2013.
In 1965, Disher was appointed Deputy Director of the Apollo Applications Program, which evolved into the Skylab program. Disher served as Deputy Director of Skylab until 1974, when he was promoted to Director of Advanced Programs, Manned Space Flight. Skylab, launched in 1973, was the first manned space station. Three visits to Skylab were completed in 1973-1974. All were made by three-man teams, who conducted a variety of scientific experiments on the station. Ironically, the greatest scientific achievements of Skylab resulted from a mishap that occurred during launch. In his 1984 paper, Disher explains that "the meteoroid shield ... failed and in turn damaged the large solar power arrays. On attaining orbit, [Skylab] was badly heating without its protective sunshade (a second function of the meteoroid shield) and was operating at only a fraction of its electric power." Scientific knowledge resulted from the repair process, which often required astronauts to work in zero gravity.
This sub-series includes essays and magazine articles written by John Disher and others, correspondence, newspaper clippings, transcripts of press conferences and Skylab crew debriefings, pamphlets, reports, NASA publicity photos and financial information. These materials document the three Skylab missions, detailing both the missions themselves and the repair process. Other subjects include the Skylab Student Project, which NASA developed jointly with the National Science Teachers’ Association. The project was a contest among American high school students, who proposed experiments to conduct on Skylab. There are also folders on the proposed Apollo Telescope Mount and on a visit to NASA by Japanese officials in 1972.
Aeritalia, an Italian aerospace company, contracted Disher to work on Project Columbus in 1983. Project Columbus was a planned European Space Agency (ESA) contribution to the proposed international manned space station, which was then being developed under U.S. leadership. The name "Columbus" was a reference to the scheduled launch date of 1992, five hundred years after Christopher Columbus's initial voyage to North America.
Project Columbus was derived from an earlier NASA/ESA collaboration known as Spacelab. Spacelab was a scientific research center inside a space shuttle orbiter cargo bay. Unlike the earlier Skylab, Spacelab could return to Earth after each mission. With Columbus, ESA hoped to improve on Spacelab with "free-flying, autonomous elements which can either be docked to the planned American space station or deployed independently for extended missions in near-earth orbits." (Press release, Box 5, Folder 48). The materials include articles and publications, papers, presentation outlines and written notes by Disher. Information pertaining to both Spacelab and Columbus is present.
Disher completed two contracts for JLC Aerospace in 1987. The first involved a joint project between JLC Aerospace and the Planning Research Council (PRC) to produce a report on the lessons learned from the space shuttle Challenger accident and their application for the proposed manned space station. The final JLC/PRC report, "Space Station Lessons Learned from Challenger" is included in this subseries. Also included are correspondence between Disher and JLC Aerospace, and a magazine article and NASA documents on the Challenger accident.
For Disher's second contract with JLC Aerospace, he served on JLC's Space Advisory Committee (SPAC). This committee produced a paper entitled "An Assessment of U.S. Civil Space Goals," a copy of which is included in this subseries. A large part of this report evaluated three previous reports on the same topic. These are the Ride Report, the Paine Report and the AIAA Report. The Ride Report, entitled "NASA Leadership and America's Future in Space" was a report by astronaut Sally Ride to NASA Administrator James Fletcher. The Paine Report, entitled "Pioneering the Space Frontier" was produced by the National Commission on Space. It is named for Thomas Paine, a former NASA Administrator and member of the Commission. Other notable Commission members included Astronaut Neil Armstrong, former United States Representative to the United Nations Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick and U.S. Air Force General Chuck Yeager. The AIAA report, entitled "U.S. Civil Space Program: An AIAA Assessment," was authored by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Copies of all three reports are included in this subseries. Correspondence, handwritten notes and typed comments document the thoughts and opinions of Disher and other SPAC members on the three reports. The Committee also refers to the Collins Report, the final report of the NASA Space Goals Task Force, headed by astronaut Michael Collins. This report, also included in the subseries, is smaller and less detailed than the three mentioned above.
1299-1: Disher headshot
1299-2 & 1299-3: Disher with model spaceship
(Box 11, Folder 51)
1299-4: Awarding of Exceptional Service Medal for Skylab presented by Dr. Fletcher, ca. 1973
1299-5: On beach at Antigua, ca. 1966
1299-6 & 1299-7: Luncheon - Antigua, ca. 1966
1299-8 & 1299-9: Disher presenting awards
1299-10: Viking Lander model, ca. 1976
1299-11 & 1299-12: Dr. Petrov receiving a print, ca. 1976
1299-13: Dr. Petrov receiving Viking Lander model and print, ca. 1976
1299-14 through 1299-21: Dr. Petrov and unidentified people at Viking Lander banquet, ca. 1976
1299-22 & 1299-24: Disher receiving AIAA citation, Orlando, Florida, ca. 1974
1299-23 & 1299-25: Speakers at AIAA banquet, Orlando, Florida, ca. 1974
1299-26: Disher and others at reception, ca. 1974
(Box 11, Folder 52)
1299-27: Apollo/Saturn V take-off with Apollo 11 astronauts, July 1969
1299-28: Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., walking near lunar module during Apollo 11 mission, July 1969
1299-29: Saturn/Skylab, IBM Space Systems facility, Huntsville, Alabama, October 1972
1299-30: HBS Executive Council, ca. 1980
1299-31: Disher and unidentified man with Ramjet, ca. 1949
1299-32 through 1299-37: assorted Ramjet images including negatives
1299-38 & 1299-39: EFQ-168 airplane ready for take-off (print and negative)
1299-40: Ramjet and unidentified man, ca. 1952
1299-41: Ramjet, ca. 1947
1299-42: EFQ-168 side view
1299-43 & 1299-44: Images of drawings, ca. 1980
1299-45: NASA Concept for two-man orbiting laboratory (slide), ca. 1959
(Box 11, Folder 53)
1299-46: Disher and others at entrance of Space Shuttle Operations
1299-47: Disher and unidentified man in space vehicle
1299-48 & 1299-49: Disher and others at Space Shuttle Operations
1299-50 & 1299-51: Disher in space vehicle
(Box 11, Folder 54)
1299-52 & 1299-53: Rendering of astronaut working on space telescope
1299-54: Space telescope electronic ORU replacement
1299-55 through 1299-60: Disher and others with open cherry picker
1299-61 & 1299-62: Model of open cherry picker
1299-63 through 1299-65: Rendering of space telescope and open cherry picker
(Box 11, Folder 55)